To trade like an institution

First of all let us define what an institutional investor is. Investopedia.com defines an institutional investor as follows: A non-bank person or organization that trades securities in large enough share quantities or dollar amounts that they qualify for preferential treatment and lower commissions. Instituional investors face fewer protective regulations because it is assumed that they are more knowledgeable and better able to protect themselves.

Hereby we can assume that investopedia is reffering to pension funds, mutual funds, hedge funds, insurance companies, investment banks etc. The institutional counterpart has a larger amount of equity to invest than an average commercial trader and the reasons why they trade a specific instrument can have various backgrounds: An institution might buy an instrument to close a short position or it might buy so that its mutual fund fills a specific fund criteria. Usually institutional trading can be noticed trough the order book, or watching the trade volume. As per se the institutions trade high volume contracts they might buy in blocks so that the market supply is enough and their market exposure is not too obvious. The funds originate mostly from the customers deposits. As the institution is obligated to maximize the customers returns it simply cannot spray it´s funds around the market. An institution trades relying on a definitive trading strategy. This strategy has been back tested and has been approved by the board. Thus we can define a few important steps to start trading like the big boys do:

1. Create a trading strategy that is easy to understand and has definitive conditions ( can be explicated in a mathematical equation, technical parameters or code) 

2. Back test the strategy (e.g. manually or by programming it). Try to be as realistic and objective as possible. 

3. If the strategy shows satisfying returns write the strategy down and hang it on the wall next to your trading station

4. Trade ONLY on the basis of the strategy! Rely on your strategy since it has proven to be somewhat profitable in the back testing phase. Every strategy shows negative returns at times. These periods may take several days to weeks, even months.

5. Put every trade in a table (e.g. an excel sheet) and derive statistics from them. Every trade has to be written down and rationalized with your strategy. In the future you can then look back at the failures and even try to avoid them in the future. 

My recent trades

Delta Air Lines (DAL) long position

 Facebook (FB) Long position

Fresenius Medical (FMEG) Long position 

 Neopost (NPOS) Short position

Axel Springer (SPRG) Long position ended up with a huge loss here. The market took my position out with the trailing stop order. Should have avoided the big candles. 

Schlumberger (SLB) Short position

Will the Dax go further down?

We can see a similar drop on the DAX as on the 31.7.2011 but only now there is some significant volume. If the German stock index is about to plunge more, we have good opportunities to sell short. The trend is bearish on the daily chart but looking at the bigger picture on the weekly chart we still can talk about a correction.

My recent position trades

 Deutsche Telekom (DTEGn) on a 4 hour chart. Buy @ 16,640 because crossover point 2. Sell via trailing stop.

Hochtief (HOTG) on a 4 hour chart. Buy @ 72,393 sell at 75,527. Buy because of crossover point 2. Trailing stop exit. 

 Osram Licht (OSRn) on a 4 hour chart. Buy at 50,813 sell at 53,890. Signal was given by market crossing over point 2. Trailing stop exit.

Keep calm and follow your trading plan

.. is something that is good to repeat to yourself, when a position runs against you or a friend tells you about a new "hot stock". I am nobody to tell you about success in trading, but as much as I have observed other traders, the ones who make trading decisions on a gut feeling end up loosing their money. Also traders who allocate all their equity on one instrument often end up being wrong. 

As much as I know, professional traders do not trade like this. The winners are the ones who have a very specific trading plan. The trading plan has been tested and implemented and a track record of years proves that it works. Success in trading is not about risking all equity in one good trade. It is about a system that tends to beat the market on the longer term. A system with tight stops for example, can be profitable even if it is 1/5 times right. The stops cut the losses short and the winning trade breaks the losses even. "let your winners run" is a phrase which you can read in many books. It is true but you should never limit your scope with phrases like this. Some traders are satisfied with as little as 10 pips per day. These traders could make the 10 pips in the morning and then do something else. 10 pips does not sound like much but imagine trading those 10 pips with large volume. 

Moreover it is important to keep some kind of track of your trades. Imagine trading endlessly and never making one note of your past trades. That way you could not draw any conclusions from you trades. An Excel sheet comes in very handy for this specific matter. In excel you could keep very good track of your trades. One could make a table which computes the standard deviation of the returns, derive volatility from the standard deviation and then calculate the VaR (value at risk) on a daily basis. Also a last touch could be adding a column where one could add always the signal or reason why the specific trade was executed. This way one could always look back at the failures and analyze how to avoid them in the future.

Technical & fundamental data working together on the EURODOLLAR

On the 2nd of June there was a news event where the change of the European Consumer Price Index was announced in percentages. In the picture below we have the EUR/USD pair on a hourly chart. The change was announced at 12:00 am (GMT +2) at the same time the currency was on a significant technical level of 1,10061 which was the previous high. According to the market structure crossing this level triggered some buy orders, which already stood in the orderbook. Therefore the currency launched to a strong intraday trend. In the picture the blue line indicates when the change was announced and the red line indicates a trailing stop scenario. Underneath we have the volume indicator to indicate the significance of this event.

Understanding (technical) market structure

Let us start with the picture above. We have three types of bullish trends: the accelerating bullish trend A, the regular bullish trend B and the decelerating bullish trend C. In an accelerating bullish trend the price makes higher highs and lows alternately making a "convex" slope. The trend is considered to be stronger than the trends B and C. The trend C again is losing momentum and is drawing a more "concave" pattern.

 We can find some theoretical "support" points and draw trend lines (yellow with trend A, orange with trend B and grey with trend C). In the trends A and B, one has to draw multiple lines, because the trends momentum is increasing/ decreasing. In trend B the trader is satisfied to draw only one line, which runs through all lows of the price slope.

One can find very effective entry points at the price level where the price embarks through the previous highs level (E). Adding a volume  indicator or looking at the order book at these levels, usually shows some significant order flow. This is where market technique oriented traders (private and institutional) traders enter their position. A trend following trader could set his/ her stop orders at the previous lows level. E.g. Entry at point E1. After the entry the trader wants to protect his/ her position and puts a stop order to the level S1 (only after the price has significantly risen through E1!)

A bullish trend makes alternately higher highs and lows. To exit the train at the right stop we have to understand when the trend has been broken and when it is reversing. Point B1 is the first lower low to appear ( its level is below the previous low). Many traders might hesitate and close their position now, where the trend might as well continue in the initial direction. However the price does another peak B2 which is a lower high. The price continues to drop below the previous lows level B3. Now the trend is considered to be reversed ( bearish) This is the last point where one should get rid of the position. Here the price usually makes rapid movements, since traders have set their stops here and some of them are changing from optimist to pessimist and reversing their position. This causes strong volume on the sell side.

This concept can be used from tick-time frames to weekly charts, but one has to keep in mind that the superior time frames set the major "winds" of the market: it is recommended to trade a bullish trend on the shorter time frames, when the trend is also bullish on the longer time frames.

SANOFI

The beginning of april gave some strong bullish signals. One of them occured with the sanofi´s stock. The conditions were one every timeframe bullish. I opened the position on the 1 of april at 93,46€ and it got closed due the stop order on the market opening of the 16th of april due an gap down at 97,39€.

A couple of trades

These trades were rather following a position trading strategy since they were kept through several days. The first one was traded with the BNRGn (Brenntag Ag). Open at 53,53 and close at 55,16 with a 163 point difference. The first picture illustrates the instrument on the daily chart. We can see that the price had just recovered from a minor drop and the trend is strong bullish. 

 BNRGn (Brenntag Ag) on the 15 minute chart where the trade was executed. This is  one of those trades where I placed the stop order just right. The price started oscillating with high volatility just after the position was closed on the 17th of march. Green line entry, red line exit. 

 The second trade was executed also with a stock derivative of the German market. G1AG (Gea Group) Firstly the daily chart, then the 15 minute chart.

 The picture does not quite show that actually the the first low in the picture is many points below the second (higher) low. This observation made me trade this movement. The exit was executed with a market order, since the stop was  lying down at 43,90 and the instrument started showing reversal signs on the 17th ( a reversed 1-2-3 pattern).

Where the first two trades were long positions, the third was held short. This was exercised with the CHK (Chesapeake). This stock has been extremely bearish since the middle of 2014. The position was entered at 15,04 where the price broke through the last low. The 15 minute chart illustrates that the entry point had clearly some bearish volume, since the price plunged immediately. The position was closed manually with a market order due to a possible reversal. A 103 point trade. 

Oil

Everybody is aware that oil has been falling like crazy lately, but nobody seems to understand why it has been increasing in value rapidly last week. Many are speculating the price will hit 30$ per barrel this year. Other say it will hit 200$. I do not care for the fundamentals as long there is a trend in tact. For me the trend is still bearish on the long run and I would prefer to sell rather than buy. Some possible short positioning illustrated below:

BRENT CRUDE OIL x 100 1H  CHART

                                      BRENT CRUDE OIL x 100 15M CHART